Can Dogs Have Heart Attacks?
For dogs, what we typically describe as a heart attack in humans is extremely rare, if not nonexistent. Dogs have a natural bypass system that often kicks in as soon as a coronary vessel gets blocked, allowing blood to continue circulating and averting the typical heart attacks that occur in people.
However, dogs can still suffer from other heart conditions that can lead to sudden heart failure. In most cases, these incidents are referred to as cardiac arrests in dogs.
What Is Cardiac Arrest in Dogs?
Cardiac arrest in dogs is not a disease in itself; rather, it’s a syndrome—a collection of symptoms triggered by various underlying health issues. It’s characterized by a sudden stop of the heart’s function and respiratory activity, usually leading to a sudden collapse.
The prognosis depends almost entirely on how quickly help is given. Without intervention in the first few minutes, the outcome is often fatal for the dog.
Causes of Cardiac Arrest in Dogs
In most cases, cardiac arrest in canines is classified as idiopathic, or of unknown origin. Still, there are several common causes behind heart attacks and cardiac arrest in dogs:
Cardiorespiratory Arrest
This is marked by the absence of a pulse and breathing in the dog. Collapse is instantaneous and severe. Usually, it’s a consequence of an arrhythmia—whether erratic contractions, abnormally rapid or slow heart rates, or reduced blood flow to the heart.
Cardiorespiratory arrest can be triggered by bacterial or viral infections, foreign objects, drowning, or poisoning.
Immediate action is critical. Brain damage can occur within three minutes without intervention. After seven minutes, the risk of death becomes extremely high.
Cardiac Syncope
Cardiac syncope is characterized by a sudden, temporary collapse. It typically lasts only a few seconds, after which the dog recovers quickly.
Yet, syncope can evolve into cardiorespiratory arrest and potentially cardiac arrest. Various cardiac conditions can cause syncope, and urgent care is essential.
Genetic Predispositions
Certain breeds are more susceptible to hereditary heart problems that can trigger cardiac arrest, particularly large breeds. Breeds like the Boxer, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, and Dobermann are at higher risk for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), among other forms of myocardiopathy.
Acute Pulmonary Edema (OAP)
Typically caused by heart failure, OAP can be fatal if untreated. It is marked by breathing difficulties and bouts of coughing.
If your dog shows these symptoms, emergency veterinary care is essential.
Symptoms of a Heart Attack in Dogs
The main warning signs of a heart attack, or serious cardiac event, in dogs include:
- Coughing
- Shortness of breath, especially during exercise
- Fatigue or refusal to go for walks
- Sudden fainting (syncope)
- In some cases, seizures
Most dogs show few—if any—obvious symptoms before a major event occurs, making prediction and prevention especially difficult.
However, if you notice any of these signs, it’s a strong cue to take your dog to the vet, who can diagnose heart trouble by listening for abnormal cardiac sounds during an examination.
How to React in Case of Canine Cardiac Emergency
A suspected heart attack or cardiac arrest is an absolute veterinary emergency. Immediate transport to the vet is necessary anytime your dog shows clear signs of a cardiac event.
If your dog is still conscious, do not give food or water; this increases the risk of choking. Call the veterinarian or emergency services ahead of time so they can prepare for your arrival—every second counts.
If your dog is unconscious and you’re not trained in resuscitation, do not attempt cardiac massage or CPR. You could inadvertently worsen the situation. Instead, wrap your pet in a blanket and get to the emergency vet as fast as possible.
In any circumstance where a heart attack or cardiac arrest is suspected, act fast. Every minute matters, and could make the difference in saving your companion’s life.
